Constructivism And Sociocultural Education Essay - 1838 Words

Pedagogy is from the Greek word pedagogue , it is the study of educational activities. The development of pedagogy is related to the development of education, and many other relevant disciplines such as philosophy and psychology also participate in. There are many genres of education, in this article mainly talk about constructivist and sociocultural. Science piaget put forward constructivism, it has been an important topic of scientists’ research. Constructivism is a theory of knowledge and learning, emphasizing the learner’s initiative that learning is based on the original knowledge and experience to construct the process of understanding, Teachers are no longer the main role for teaching, their role is to encourage students to†¦show more content†¦This article mainly compare teacher’s role and children’s education theory. 1.1The teacher’s role Glasersfeld (1995) claims that the Knowledge needs to be absorbed by ourselves, rather than passively accepted. We need to construct the knowledge and let it becomes a part of ourselves. According to this, students play an important role in learning process, the teacher need to guide students rather than assign the knowledge. Knowledge should be constructed rather than only depend on teachers and textbook, and students need initiative to accept the knowledge rather than force to learn. We also need to achieve the purpose of learning through practice, learn the experience from the changing things and build our own knowledge system (Dewey, 1998). Montessori (1997) also states that that when we solve the problem, we should rely on ourselves, teachers are only the role for regulation. To sum up, constructivism argues that in the process of teaching students role are more important than teachers. Teachers just need to give advice to their students and to inspire and guide them. Social constructivism states that the role of teachers as the designer and executor in the teaching task. With the advancement of education and teaching technology teachers have more teaching tasks in the teaching materials. More teaching tasks and materials seem to bring great convenience to the teaching work, but blindly or mechanically to chose maybe can not achieve the expected teachingShow MoreRelatedSociocultural Approaches And The Construction Of Knowledge1650 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Sociocultural approaches emphasize the interdependence and individual processes in the construction of knowledge†.(John-Steiner,V and Mahn,H 1996).The real understanding of constructivism is only paying much attention on the learners’ previous experience and background knowledge .It maintains that individuals create or construct their own new understandings or knowledge through the interaction of what they already believe and the ideas,events,and activities with which they come into contact.(FacultyRead MoreEssay on The Value of Play1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous theories of play and countless theorists, from Freud and Spencer to Piaget and Vygotsky, who have studied play in relation to what it is and what it does for the child. 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Realtionship Nora and Torvald †a Dolls House Free Essays

The relationship between the two main characters of Nora and Helmer in â€Å"A Doll’s House† are established through the dialogue and stage directions which take place in Act One. The relationship is very representative of the time period in which it is set, Helmer, the husband is the head of the household and is the most important in the family status he controls the family’s lifestyle according to his own views. In order to convey Torvald’s authority in the relationship, Ibsen uses first person possessive pronouns, for example, ‘Is that my little squirrel frisking about? , the use of ‘my’ reflects the ownership that Torvald has over Nora, this links to the ideologies of society at the time were a man owned his wife in the relationship and that a man Just as the pre-modifying adjective ‘little’ undermines Nora’s authority in their relationship and emphasises his power over her. We will write a custom essay sample on Realtionship Nora and Torvald – a Dolls House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ibsen also depicts the idea that Nora is in Torvald’s household for his own enjoyment by referring to her as a pet, ‘My pretty little pet is very sweet but it runs away with an awful lot of money’, To him, she is only a possession. Torvald calls Nora by pet-names and speaks down to her because he thinks that she is not intelligent and that she can not think on her own. Whenever she begins to voice an opinion Torvald quickly drops the pet-names and insults her as a women through comments like; â€Å"worries that you couldn’t possibly help me with,† and â€Å"Nora, Nora, just like a woman. â€Å"(1565) Torvald is a typical husband in his society. He denied Nora the right to think and act the way she wished. He required her to act like an imbecile and insisted upon the rightness of his view in all matters. The relationship between the two main characters of Nora and Helmer in â€Å"A Dolls House† are established through the diologue and stage directions which take place in Act One. The relationship between the characters is quite simplistic, derived from the 1870s time period in which it is set. Helmer, the husband is the head of the household and is the most important in the family status, he controls the families lifestyle according to his own views. This is depicted through Helmer’s actions and diologue towards Nora. Nora has respect for her husband and â€Å"goes cautiously to her husbands door and listens† rather than disturb him to find out if he his home. She also listens to his advice and tries to include him in her everyday chores â€Å"Come see what vie bought†. Helmer treats her as a child calling her â€Å"scatter brain† and â€Å"my lost squirrel† giving the impression of ownership, and that she is in ‘his’ household for his enjoyment. Throughout the scene Helmer continues to use pet names such as â€Å"feather brain† and â€Å"sulking squirrel† which undermine Nora’s authority in their relationship and emphasis his power over her. When Nora arrives home from shopping in town Helmer asks â€Å"has featherbrain been out wasting money again†, making Nora appear as a foolish girl who has no knowledge of money and that she spends it unknowingly, which shows Hemler’s perception of her. Helmer’s controlling relationship is also shown through their discussion of money early on in Act 1. Although both have conflicting ideas on spending money at christmas time, Nora eventually gives in to his opinion â€Å"very well if you say so†. This emphasizes how she adapts to suit his point of view even though she disagrees with the idea herself. She obeys and changes her own opinions to match Helmer’s showing that she has no way to stand up to defend her own beliefs in the relationship, meaning that her own views are forgotten and ignored. Helmer believes he is superior and that he must â€Å"protect her† as she is so delicate and unexperienced that he must decide all of the aspects of her life without consulting her, he appears to dictate his opinions to her â€Å"no debts, no borrowing†, his views soon become the reality and laws of the household as Nora replies to him that she â€Å"would never do anything you didn’t like† . Helmer’s protective and controlling nature lead to his ideas being imposed on Nora through their relationship despite her beliefs, leaving no room for confliction. Which causes Noras’ deception from Helmer, rather than telling him the truth which he will not accept, she decides to hide information from him. This means that although they are married, their relationship is not very deep and meaningful, since Helmer doesn’t consult the details of their lifestyle with Nora, which means she cannot express her ideas and show her traits through their lifestyle and therefore she has no knowledge of law or the world around her. This is highlighted when Helmer asks Nora what she wants as a present, rather than giving her a surprise. Showing that he has no knowledge of her interests as their duties to the family are completely separate. However Helmer seems to be infatuated by her in the play as he â€Å"follows her† around the kitchen and talks to her, showing that he is in love with her. Helmer depicts her as a lover and yet he is unable to consult with her the issues of their married life, leaving her no concerns and no knowledge of law or the world around her. Which leads to the deterioration of their relationship as Nora discovers she needs to express herself and therefore seeks to escape the stifling confines of his opinions. How to cite Realtionship Nora and Torvald – a Dolls House, Essay examples

Sustainable Business Development and Innovation System

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Business Development and Innovation System. Answer: Introduction Business models can be said to be the representations made or created by organizations as a strategy to capture value in all of the economic, social and cultural contexts. According to (Teece, 2010), it can also be described as a companys worth supply to the customers and the transformation of payment to profits. It also explains how a firm conducts business, how it delivers value to stakeholders and how it links factor and product markets. It combines both the informal and formal aspects of the business and is a major part of any organizational business strategy (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). The business models have been used by many entrepreneurs in the classification of businesses and the exploration of opportunities available in the markets for future development strategies. When a business model is conceptualized, various factors are considered. According to (Teece, 2010), various factors considered in the business model follow a particular criterion for the logic in the design. The major factor they say is technology. The other factors include those that have the characteristics of Web 2.0 which are; user-generated content on the online platform, the network effects to be involved, the collective intelligence, and the kind of industry or the services provided by the business (Boons Ludeke-Freund, 2013). According to (Teece, 2010), the various elements that are found on a proper business model include; The technologies that are required in the embedding of both product and services together with the features involved. The benefit of the model in ensuring customer satisfaction through use or consumption of product/ services. The model should enable easy and quick identification of market demands and target groups. The available revenue streams should be compatible with the model of choice. The mechanisms and procedures to capture value should be enhanced at the last stage of the model before its implementation. According to (Zott Amit, 2010), various factors are considered when business models are conceptualized as systems and include; Activity system content which describes the activities to be taken during the incorporation of the model into the already existing system. Some of these activities may lead to employing new staff, training of the available staff or even development of new capabilities (Casadesus-Masanell Ricart, 2010). Activity system governance which describes the people whom will perform specific activities and involve role delegation in the model to be adopted. Activity system structure which lays out the strategies to be followed, how they sequence and also include their importance to the business model regarding their supporting or peripheral nature and their core. Types of business models According to (Hoflinger, 2014), various models can be adopted and used by organizations and include the following; Bricks and clicks model which incorporates online and online incidences in running their businesses. An example includes the OLX platform. The collective business model that involves various systems, organizations or professionals regarding resource collections and benefit provisions. Cutting out the middleman model which ensures that businesses deliver directly to customers and receive direct feedback without any intermediaries involved. This is the same as the direct sales models. The advantages of business models in solving problems Business models have given entrepreneurs and organizations a pathway to resolve some of the challenges they encounter in marketing, customer, environmental or the business context (Chesbrough, 2013). Some of the advantages according to a social media site, Get2Growth; include; It enables organizations to focus on the functions or activities that intertwine or interweave and are very much directed towards solving a particular problem (Get2Growth, 2017). It enables the organization to concentrate on the business, comprehend and identify areas of weaknesses or strengths depending on the efforts. The business model guides what is important hence remaining focused and on track towards achievement of desired goals. The speed to which these goals are achieved will also be guided by the models. All the employees, staff and stakeholders will be united by a shared vision and speak a common language towards growth and development (McGrath, 2010). Every member of the organization will focus towards value creation and scheme both to the customers and the organization itself. Business models and innovation According to (Zott Amit, 2010), business models are an excellent source of innovation among many organizations, and this is because they all desire to remain on the competitive edge. It enables the organizations to rethink the business around customer needs, available resources towards achieving these requirements, the processes to be followed in the gallant course and the plan to be used in the processes (Boons Ludeke-Freund, 2013). According to (Girotra Nettessine, 2014), these major frameworks enable innovation when derived from business models; The mix of services and products offered should guide towards innovation that creates value for the business hence reducing uncertainties. It enables the businesses to focus narrowly on the gap identified that exists in the market rather than selling common goods or services hence being outstanding (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). The model enables the creation of unique portfolios that are hedged hence reducing risks that may be encountered in the business process. These works for both product and marketing amalgamations. It enhances timely and proper decision making in a particular order, and appropriate choice of decision makers can be picked from the creativity seen from them together with their commitment (Casadesus-Masanell Ricart, 2010). Revenue stream, synchronizing of time horizons and the integration of incentives to staff can also enhance creativity and innovation when used properly in line with the model. The capacity of any given business model to succeed will depend altogether on the development of the business model itself, that is, its capacity to give socially helpful products, vocations or benefits and recoup the expenses at scale(Boons Ludeke-Freund, 2013). This will thus rely on upon various distinctive components: regardless of whether the model is advancing a pull product for instance, credit and cell phones and credit or a push product for instance, solar lantern and contraception; the amount of the encompassing biological community the business model must arrange and oversee, particularly in models that will include supply chains; and whether the main job will require market creation or market entry(Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). An opportunity to scale the models will rely on upon a mix of every one of the three models and extra factors, for example, working out sales capacities and tenable distribution. Example of an organizations business model According to (Baden-Fuller and Haefliger, 2013) Business models are in a general sense connected with technological innovation, yet the business model built is basically separable from innovation. Various experts have characterized the business model as a framework that is presently being utilized to resolve the difficulties of recognizing who is (or are) the customer(s), monetizing the esteem, drawing in with their necessities, and conveying fulfillment. (Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart, 2010) both express that the structure portrays the business model framework as a model containing circumstances and end results connections, and it gives a premise to characterization. (Zott and Amit, 2010) have formulated the business model association with innovation in a two-manner way. To begin with, business models intervene the connection amongst innovation and firm execution. Secondly, building up the correct technology involves a business model decision with respect to openness and client enga gement. (Zott Amit, 2010), have enabled me to understand business models as systems. This they have done through properly articulating the interdependent activities that when properly implemented by an organization/firm, can allow it expand its boundaries and do better in the business. They also have mentioned that business models as systems enable partnering of different professionals, systems and business towards the achievement of one goal and value capture. They used both theoretical and empirical research results to come up with the designing procedure of a proper business model and how it can be used for innovation and value creation. Conclusion Various writers have confirmed that business models are very essential in ensuring that any serious firm is propelled towards prosperity, maintenance of competitive edge/market reputation and ensuring customer satisfaction. From the various studies conducted, the future of organizations will entirely depend on the type of business model adopted, and those that run without any may face a lot of market problems and other challenges associated with marketing, innovation and service delivery. References Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Casadesus-Masanell, R., Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and onto tactics.Long range planning,43(2), 195-215. Chesbrough, H. (2013).Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Get2Growth (2017). Advantages of the business model Canvas.Retrieved from www.get2growth.com Girotra, K. and Nettessine, S (2014).Decision Making; Four paths to Business Model Innovation. Hflinger, N. F. (2014). Business Model Design and Technological Innovation: Multi-Method Essays On Drivers, Working Mechanisms, and Consequences. McGrath, R. G. (2010). Business models: A discovery driven approach.Long range planning,43(2), 247-261. Teece, D. J. (2010).Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Zott, C. and Amit, R. (2010) Business Model Design: AnActivity System Perspective.